INTRODUCTION

Internet is the largest collection of world wide networks, which are interlinked together. interconnected with each other to share and exchange information by following certain rules. Life today is highly dependent on computers-they do most of the important work and are found everywhere-from homes, to police stations, government institutions and military facilities. However, the computer would have never been so popular and widely spread if it was not for the Internet.

Internet

What is internet?

The internet is a global network which can be accessed from any part of the world through an internet service provider (ISP). Internet is a worldwide network of networks. Here companies and individuals all around the world establish their own websites on the net. It is like virtual showroom where anybody can showcase their products and services. In some cases, websites are used for actual business transactions liken on line magazine where visitors can get updated regularly on the latest news and events.

Growth of Internet

The Internet started as a U.S. government project in the year 1969 called the APRANET (Advanced Research Projects Administration Network) which supervised it in the beginning. The APARNET reached universities, research laboratories and some military labs. In the late 1980s, the National Science Foundation of U.S. funded the development of a network, named NSFNET, to connect super computer centers in the U.S. In 1990, APARNET was dismantled, and the public network in the U.S. was turned over to NSFNET. In 1993 the NSF created the inter NIC to provide Internet services.

From a mere research project, the Internet has grown rapidly into something that involves millions of people worldwide.

Minimum System Requirements for Broadcasting

Pentium core 2 Duo 2Ghz or Higher
4GB RAM
700Kbps upload bandwidth
Dedicated video card, 256MB VRAM
Window XP/Vista
Mac OSX 10.5 or higher (v20.0.89)
Mac OSX10.6 or higher (v20.2.0)

Internet characteristics

Internet has the following characteristics:

A complex Networks: With the simplified definition as a "network of networks" that comprises over 150 million computers.

Disorganized: The Internet can be cumbersome and confusing, even for experienced users.

A Decentralized System: Millions of individual networks and over 140 million individual computers connected throughout the world.

Widely Used: More than 147 million people use the Internet, over 40million of whom use it daily.

Composed of Billions of Files: Files pertaining to thousand of subjects , disciplines and professions are available in different file formats.

Anatomy of INTERNET

Anatomy refers to the study of structure. While studying the structure of the Internet, it can be broadly said that the Internet is a network is a network of computer networks. It brings together computers through the communication media and protocols. It also enable the computers to communicate with one another. The following are the major components of the structure:

Internet Services

Elements of The Internet

Uniform Resource locators

Internet Protocols

All these are explained in detail in the following sections:

Internet Services

The Internet is a combination of many networks and a large number of database and other services. Most of the services can be accessed through a web browser, such as Internet explorer, Netscape navigation, opera, safari etc. The major services offered on the Internet are given in:

Internet Service Started in Description

E-mail(Electronic Mail) 1970 E-mail is the most common service of the Internet.

Mailing List 1981 Mailing lists are a group based messaging service. Once subscribed, you can receive mailing list message via a standard e-mail account.

FTP (File transfer protocol) 1973 An Internet service designed for transferring files among computer. Files are available for downloading on the Internet using FTP.

World Wide Wed (w w w) 1992 This service features used-friendly publishing and multimedia documents and files. Web pages are created using HTML, Java Script and Java.

Elements of the Internet

A simplified hierarchical model of the Internet includes client PCs, server computers and networks.

Clients PCs: These are the computers that request information from servers. client computers typically maintain part connections.

S e r v e r C o m p u t e r s: A services computer that holds the files for one or more websites. These are relatively powerful computers with a full time connection.

Networks: These are composed of one or more server computers and multiple client PCs.

Nodes: "Node" is a generic term used to describe a client, server, or network (composed of clients and servers).

Uniform Resource Locators: URLs are the unique addresses of Internet resources. A URL identifies the name and location of a file or resource in a uniform format. It includes a string of characters for the filename and may also contain the path to the directory of the file.

Internet Protocol: IP (Internet Protocol) is a method by which data is sent from one computer to another over the network. Each computer that is connected to the Internet has at least on IP address which uniquely identified this computer from other computers.

Basic Internet Terminologies

A simplified hierarchical model of the Internet includes the following basic terminologies:

Modem: A modem is a computer peripheral that allows you to connect and communicate with other computers via telephone lines. When digital data are to be sent over telephones lines, the digital signals must be converted to analog form. The technique by which a digital signal is converted to its analog from is known as modulation and the reverse process is known as demodulation. This process carried out by the modem (shot form for modulator-demodulator).

Internet Information Servers (IIS): IIS is a group of Internet servers (HTTP & FTP servers) including the additional capabilities.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): It uses a set of rules to exchange message with other Internet points at the information packet level.

Internet Service Provider (ISP): An ISP is a company that provides access to the internet through modems, ISDN, T1s, etc. To use the internet, you must first register with an Internet Service Provider (ISP). American Online is a well-known US ISP, While VSNL a Indian one. When u register the ISP gives you a unique username and password. You dial with the ISP number and can connect to internet. You connect to an ISP by using a PC modem to dial into your ISPs modem over a standard telephone line. This is called a dial-up-connection.

Some Things That an internet Service Provider Can Do:

Internet Service Providers (ISP) equip users with access to the internet through a connection.

ISPs will set up a user with an account user name and password and the account holder.
ISPs virtually always set the user up with one or e-mail addresses; depending on which service program is chosen.

How to get connected?

Connecting to the Internet involves a modem, a phone line and an Internet service provider (ISP). An ISP is a company that provides you with internet connection service through your phone line. Now days we also have cable internet or which no phone line is used. Computers, which are connected with internet, Can communicate because of protocols. There are two protocols for working with the Internet. These are:

Facilities provided by Internet

internet is a fast developing net and is of utmost impotence for Public Sector. It provides many facilities. Some are listed below:

This net can work as Electronic Mailing System.
It can have access to the distant data base which may be a newspaper of a foreign country.
We can exchange our ideas through Internet.
We can make contact with anyone who is lined with Internet.
Internet can be used for publicity and advertisements.
We can meet the people around the world.
We can download or upload software, music files, movies etc.

How does information travel over the Internet?

When you send a letter by post, you sent the letter in to an envelope. On it, you write the receiver's address and your own address. Data goes over the internet in a similar way, except that it is divided in two smaller bits of information called packets. Each packet is like the postal envelope. It contains a piece of data called a datagram; your electronic address and the electronic address of the person you are sending it to, which is called the Internet Protocol or IP

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What is Internet